Psalm 39:6 Komentář

David seems to have been in a great strait when he penned this psalm, and, upon some account or other, very uneasy; for it is with some difficulty that he conquers his passion, and composes his spirit himself to take that good counsel which he had given to others (37) to rest in the Lord, and wait patiently for him, without fretting; for it is easier to give the good advice than to give the good example of quietness under affliction. What was the particular trouble which gave occasion for the conflict David was now in does not appear. Perhaps it was the death of some dear friend or relation that was the trial of his patience, and that suggested to him these meditations of morality; and at the same time, it should seem too, he himself was weak and ill, and under some prevailing distemper. His enemies likewise were seeking advantages against him, and watched for his halting, that they might have something to reproach him for. Thus aggrieved, I. He relates the struggle that was in his breast between grace and corruption, between passion and patience (Psa 39:1-3). II. He meditates upon the doctrine of man's frailty and mortality, and prays to God to instruct him in it (Psa 39:4-6). III. He applies to God for the pardon of his sons, the removal of his afflictions, and the lengthening out of his life till he was ready for death (Psa 39:7-13). This is a funeral psalm, and very proper for the occasion; in singing it we should get our hearts duly affected with the brevity, uncertainty, and calamitous state of human life; and those on whose comforts God has, by death, made breaches, will find this psalm of great use to them, in order to their obtaining what we ought much to aim at under such an affliction, which is to get it sanctified to us for our spiritual benefit and to get our hearts reconciled to the holy will of God in it To the chief musician, even to Jeduthun. A psalm of David.

INTRODUCTION TO PSALM 39 To the chief Musician, even to Jeduthun, a Psalm of David. Some take Jeduthun to be the name of a musical instrument, as Jarchi, on which, and others the first word of a song, to the tune of which, this psalm was sung, as Aben Ezra; though it seems best, with Kimchi and others, to understand it as the name of the chief musician, to whom this psalm was sent to be made use of in public service; since Jeduthun was, with his sons, appointed by David to prophesy with harps and psalteries, and to give praise and thanks unto the Lord, Ch1 16:41; he is the same with Ethan (s). The occasion of it is thought, by some, to be the rebellion of his son Absalom; so Theodoret thinks it was written when he fled from Absalom, and was cursed by Shimei; or rather it may be some sore affliction, which lay upon David for the chastisement of him; see Psa 39:9; and the argument of the psalm seems to be much the same with that of the preceding one, as Kimchi observes. (s) Vid. Hiller. Onomastic. Sacr. p. 513, 805.

Surely every man walketh in a vain show,.... Or "in an image" (z); not "in the image of the Lord", as the Targum; in the image in which God created man, for that is lost; nor in that which is stamped on men in regeneration; for every man does not walk in that; rather in the image of fallen man, in which every man is born and walks: or "in a shadow" (a); or like one; to which the days of man's life are often compared, Ch1 29:15; and who, for the most part, busies himself in shadowy and imaginary things; agreeably to all which the poet says (b), "I see that we who live are nothing else but images, and a vain shadow.'' Some (c) interpret it of "the shadow of death"; and others (d) of "darkness" itself; and it fitly expresses the state of unregeneracy and darkness in which every man walks without the grace of God; and which will end in utter darkness, if that does not prevent it; and which is called "a walking in the vanity of the mind", Eph 4:17. Here it seems rather to intend the outward show, pomp, and grandeur of every great man; of emperors, kings, princes, nobles, and the great men of the world; which is all a vain show, a glittering appearance for a while, a glory that passeth away, and will not descend after them when laid in the grave, and oftentimes lasts not so long; surely they are disquieted in vain; about vain things, as riches and honours, which are fickle and unstable; and sometimes in vain are all the carking cares and disquietude of the mind, and toil and labour of the body, which are here referred to, to obtain these things; some rise early, and sit up late, and yet eat the bread of sorrow; and if they gain their point, yet do not find the pleasure and satisfaction in them they promised themselves and expected; he heapeth up riches, and knoweth not who shall gather them: according to Jarchi, the metaphor seems to be taken from a man that has been ploughing and sowing, and reaping and laying up the increase of the field in heaps, and yet knows not who shall gather it into the barn, seeing he may die before it is gathered in; compare with this Luk 12:16; or the meaning is, when a man has amassed a prodigious deal of wealth together, he knows not who shall enjoy it, whether a son or a servant, a friend or a foe, a good man or a bad man, a wise man or a fool, Ecc 2:18. (z) "in imagine", V. L. Pagninus, Montanus, Tigurine version, Piscator, Cocceius, Michaelis. (a) "In umbra", Gejerus; "instar umbrae", Musculus; vid. Hackman. Praecidan. Sacr. tom. 1. p. 82. (b) Sophoclis Ajax, v. 125, 126. (c) Donesh in Jarchi in loc. (d) Jarchi & Kimchi in loc. & R. Jonah in Miclol Yophi in loc.

"Albeit man walks in the Image" [Psalm 39:6]. In what "Image," save that of Him who said, "Let Us make man in Our Image, after Our Likeness." [Genesis 1:26] "Albeit man walks in the Image." For the reason he says "albeit," is, that this is some great thing. And this "albeit" is followed by "nevertheless," that the "albeit" which you have already heard, should relate to what is beyond the sun; but this "nevertheless," which is to follow, to what is "under the sun," and that the one should relate to the Truth, the other to "vanity." "Albeit," then, "that man walks in the Image, nevertheless he is disquieted in vain." Hear the cause of his "disquieting," and see if it be not a vain one; that you may trample it under foot, that you may "leap beyond it," and may dwell on high, where that "vanity" is not. What "vanity" is that? "He heaps up riches, and knows not for whom he may be gathering them together." O infatuated vanity! "Blessed is the man that makes the Lord his trust, and has not respected vanities, nor lying deceits." To you indeed, O covetous man, to you I seem to be out of my senses, these words appear to you to be "old wives' tales." For you, a man of great judgment, and of great prudence, to be sure, are daily devising methods of acquiring money, by traffic, by agriculture, by eloquence perhaps, by making yourself learned in the law, by warfare, perhaps you even add that of usury. Like a shrewd man as you are, you leave nothing untried, whereby you may pile coin on coin; and may store it up more carefully in a place of secrecy. You plunder others; you guard against the plunderer; you are afraid lest you should yourself suffer the wrong, that you yourself do; and even what you do suffer, does not correct you....Examine your own heart, and that prudence of yours, which leads you to deride me, to think me out of my senses for saying these things: and tell me now, "You are heaping up treasures; for whom are you gathering them together?" I see what you would tell me; as if what you would say had not occurred to the person described here; you will say, I am keeping them for my children? This is the voice of parental affection; the excuse of injustice. "I am keeping them" (you say) "for my children." So then you are keeping them for your children, are you? Did not Idithun then know this? Assuredly he did; but he reckoned it one of the things of the "old days," that have waxed old, and therefore he despised it: because he was hastening on to the new "days."...

"Surely in an image." Here he shows the misery of the human condition with respect to occupation; and concerning this he does three things. First he shows that there is something in man that ought to resist vanity. Second he shows in general the vanity of his occupation, at "but in vain." Third he shows the same in particular, at "he heaps up treasures." He says therefore: "Every man is vanity; yet there is something fixed in man that always remains in him while he passes through; and this is the image." And this can be explained in three ways. In one way, concerning the image of God, which exists insofar as man is endowed with reason. Gen. 1: "Let us make man in our image and likeness." And this image ought to resist vanity—namely, reason—and ought to exclude it, namely vanity. And this is what he says: although man is subject to vanity, he is nevertheless always endowed with reason. But because it is not determined here whose image it is, therefore note here a twofold image: one of the heavenly man, and another of the earthly man. 1 Cor. 15: "As we have borne the image of the earthly man, let us bear also the image of the heavenly." I say therefore that every man is vanity; yet every man passes through into some image, because either through good works he represents in himself the image of the heavenly man, or through evil works the image of the earthly. Or otherwise: "Image" implies likeness. Now the course of this life is directed by some knowledge, because the affections are moved according to what is known. Now there is a twofold knowledge. One by which truth is known, and this is certain. The other is through verisimilitude, and this is, as it were, the knowledge of an image, because it does not attain to truth itself but to a likeness of truth. If man attained to truth itself as it is, he would not be troubled, because he would consider the condition of this life and what we shall be after this life, and thus he would not be occupied with this life but would tend toward the things of the other life. And therefore Jerome has: "insofar as man passes through in an image, so much is he troubled," that is, insofar as man falls short of the true knowledge of truth, so much is he troubled by the occupation of this life, whether in good things or in evil. Lk. 10: "Martha, Martha, you are anxious and troubled about many things." Therefore when he does good works, he is not troubled in vain; but when he does not occupy himself with good things, then he is troubled in vain. Is. 49: "I have spent my strength in vain." And he gives an example of the occupation that troubles men, which is the occupation of avarice; this indeed most greatly troubles men. Concupiscence occupies men for a time, and similarly anger. But, as is said in Eccl. 5, "the covetous man is not satisfied with money"; and therefore concerning him he gives the example, saying, "He heaps up treasures and knows not for whom he gathers them," that is, he accumulates superfluous treasures in this life. Mt. 6: "Do not store up for yourselves treasures on earth," namely in vain and to no purpose, because you do not know for whom you are gathering them. Not for himself, because Job 27: "When the rich man falls asleep, he takes nothing with him." Therefore for others, but he does not know for whom; because sometimes he does not gather for children, because they do not survive him; and if they do survive, he nevertheless does not know what sort they will be, because sometimes they are against their parents.

To Jeduthun (Ch1 16:41-42), one of the chief singers. His name mentioned, perhaps, as a special honor. Under depressing views of his frailty and the prosperity of the wicked, the Psalmist, tempted to murmur, checks the expression of his feelings, till, led to regard his case aright, he prays for a proper view of his condition and for the divine compassion. (Psa 39:1-13) I said--or, "resolved." will take heed--watch. ways--conduct, of which the use of the tongue is a part (Jam 1:26). bridle--literally, "muzzle for my mouth" (compare Deu 25:4). while . . . before me--in beholding their prosperity (Psa 37:10, Psa 37:36).